
As Arizona enters its third year of recession, recovery remains elusive
Despite its increasing diversification, Arizona’s economy needs new residents to fill all the empty houses. It needs tourists and business meetings to fill resorts and hotels.
Arizona will bounce back economically only as quickly as its core industries revive, and that is projected to take four or five years.
But the fundamental strengths that have made the state one of the nation’s fastest-growing for decades haven’t evaporated.
Among them: sunny, scenic deserts; affordable housing; respectable clusters of semiconductor, bioscience, aerospace and defense industries; and the opportunity for year-round golf and other outdoor activities. And, of course, the Grand Canyon.
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The recession has hurt Arizona more deeply than most states, and most economic analysts expect the state’s rebound to lag the nation’s largely because of severe government budget deficits and the weak real-estate market.
Although those hurdles may seem enormous now, historically, the state has always bounced back from recessions and resumed its role as one of the nation’s top job generators and population gainers.
After giving a dismal forecast recently, Arizona State University economist Lee McPheters said, “The only good thing we can say is that this is a state that when it comes back, it comes roaring back.”
People must come to the state
What Arizona needs most to come roaring back is more residents. Newcomers would generate more businesses to absorb all the empty buildings and spark the construction industry.
Population growth and construction have been the core of Arizona’s economy for at least 50 years. Currently, a shortage of jobs here and an inability to sell homes elsewhere have contributed to a stunning population stall.
Economists with both Arizona Public Service Co. and Salt River Project estimate that, based on meter readings, population growth is virtually flat. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates Arizona’s net migration fell to about 42,000 in 2009, less than half of what it was every year since 2002.
Pete Ewen, an APS economist, said, “I haven’t seen this (flat population growth) before. . . . We have to go back probably to the 1920s to see something quite like that.”
He estimates there are 60,000 to 70,000 empty houses in the Phoenix area.
Without more people, commercial construction is unnecessary.
Scottsdale economist Elliott Pollack said he doubts another major office building will be built here for five to seven years.
Nathan Topper, an economist who follows Arizona for Moody’s Economy.com in West Chester, Pa., said, “There is little household mobility going on. People are still underwater. People are still tentative about moving to new areas around the country. We are seeing few areas where there is momentum.
“There is no clear-cut area where everybody should move because that’s where the jobs are.”
And right now, Arizona is dead last in the country for job creation.
Retirees, who have flocked to Arizona deserts for decades, are reluctant to move now because their homes and investment portfolios have lost value and many are continuing to work.
Over time, metro Phoenix’s growth machine could face other challenges. Water supplies are already tight in the state. And if gas prices soared again as they did in mid-2008, the practice of continuing to build single-family homes farther out from the urban cores could change.
Consumers are anxious
Next, consumer spending must rise to boost businesses and replenish state coffers with sales-tax dollars.
A large reason the state’s economy is hurting and budgets are out of balance is that consumers, whose spending makes up two-thirds of the economy, have less to spend and remain hesitant to shop.
If they continue to hold back, said Jay Butler, realty-studies director at Arizona State University, Arizona’s economy could even contract again in what is known as a W-shaped recovery.
But consumers can’t be blamed, as they face layoffs, furloughs and reduced hours.
Pollack said consumers gained wealth in the 1990s from the stock market and in the mid-2000s from housing values. Now, they have no such source other than what they earn. As they pay down debt and save more, those actions will continue to crimp retail sales.
Wendy and William Martin of Tempe cut back their spending in 2009 because their incomes were reduced. Wendy’s sales bonuses at Shamrock Foods Co. shrank, and as an English teacher at Arizona State University, William had to go on furlough early in the year.
“We have not gone out to a nice, nice dinner in probably nine or 10 months,” she said.
There are reasons for hope
Finally, all the fundamental strengths must come into play.
Because Arizona has a history of recovering nicely from past recessions and it’s still a state likely to attract people who are tired of cold weather, experts expect growth to resume eventually.
Some signs to watch for: declines in the foreclosure and unemployment rates and initial claims for unemployment insurance, and increases in building permits and taxable sales.
As the global economy recovers, businesses will travel again and consumers will vacation farther afield, sparking the tourism industry.
Of course, Arizona’s economy today is broader than construction and tourism.
Topper said that when he compares Arizona’s job sectors with national averages, Arizona has slightly more construction workers than the national average but also more professional and business jobs, such as lawyers, accountants, financial experts and corporate managers.
“I think professional-business services is a position of strength for Arizona’s economy going forward,” Topper said.
Plus, it remains a state famous for offering a fresh start.
Jeff Morhet, president and chief executive officer of InNexus Biotechnology in Scottsdale, said Arizona is a mixing bowl with new residents who bring fresh visions and are not bound by tradition, past mistakes or loyalty to one industry such auto manufacturing or gaming.
Morhet, a Gilbert resident who came to Arizona 12 years ago from Texas, said, “It has got a population that is not burdened by any significant legacy or any single industry that it has to grow its way out of.”
Dennis Hoffman, also an ASU economist, harkens to a similar time, the severe recession of the late 1980s. Commercial real estate was overbuilt, savings-and-loan associations were seized by the federal government and billions in real-estate holdings were wiped out.
“People said real estate was a wasteland and no one would venture into it,” Hoffman said. “The state was in a budget mess. We threatened to raise taxes, which some people thought would doom us forever.
“We thought that people would never come back, that real estate was a bust. . . . What happened after that was five of the fastest-growing years we have ever seen.”
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Source: http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/2010/01/01/20100101biz-recession0101.html
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